Analysis Verb Phrase Based on Personal Experience of Java Courses

1.             Background

My name is Muhammad Faisal Addien Hartanto, my friend call me Isal or Ical. I study at Gunadarma University majoring in computer science and information technology. I am in the last semester. I want to tell you about my experience in taking J2SE (Java) for beginner course.

When i was in sixth semester, i took J2SE (Java) for beginner course. There are eight week to learn about it and in the last week i took the exam. In my first week, i learned about what is Java and its structure. I was taught how to create Java class until it work. Class of Java is template to make objects. Object of Java is real representations of a Java Class. The naming of Java classes and Java object must begin with a capital letter.

After we knew about Java classes, we are told to try to make a simple program by using Java programming language and Notepad++ application. The first step i opened the Notepad++ application. Then i wrote the script of the program that has been provided. After i did it, I save the script with the name of the script must be the same as the java class name. Then i opened the command prompt of Windows and go to the directory where i save the script. Then i typed “javac scriptfilename.java” to compile the script and then type “java scriptfilename” to running the program.

In the second week, i learned about what is method, constructor and modifier on Java. Method is an operation is a function that can be done by an object. There are four basic parts of the Java method, method name, return type of the method, parameter and the contents of the method. Contructor is a method that will give a starting value when an object is created. Modifier is phrase or clause that serves as an adjective or adverb that describes a word or group of other words.

In the third week, i learned about what is inheritance, interfaces and polymorphism. Inheritance is programming concepts whereby a class can derive its properties and methods to other classes. This concept is used to avoid duplication of Java programs. Interfaces is an abstract method that the only declared method is not written full. Polymorphism is programming concepts that has many forms but uses the same method name.

In the fourth week, i learned about what is Java exceptions and what they are. Exception is an abnormality that appears on a part of the program at run time. Java exception is an object that describes the state of an exception that appears on a part of the program. The exception serves to resolve errors in the program block without leaving the program. There are five key of exception handling, try, catch, throw, throws and finally.

In the fifth week, i learned about argument command-line and how to input a value into variable. Command-line is mechanism of interaction with the operating system or computer software by typing commands to perform certain tasks. Argument command-line on Java command-line means if it can access arguments (args) when it wants to run programs in command-line. The use of variables is different from the command-line argument, the input value will take place when the program is running.

In the sixth week, i learned about what is thread and multithread on Java. Thread is a Java lightweight process. It is a collection of process sequences that make up the program. Multithread is a program in which there are multiple threads running simultaneously. There are two type of thread, Extends class Thread and Implement Runnable.

In the seventh week, i learned about some layouts are in Java. There are five layout in Java, flow layout, grid layout, border layout, card layout and grid bag layout. Flow layout is a simple layout manager in java. Flow layout arrange components based on default size. The grid layout places the component in the form of a rectangular grid. There are three grid layout, GridLayout(), GridLayout(int rows) and GridLayout(int rows, int cols, int hgap, int vgap). Border layout arrange components based on geographical location, north, south, east and west.  Card layout is a layout manager that is able to create the effect of the component stack. Grid bag layout is a very flexible layout manager. By using this layout manager we can make any layout.

In the eighth week, i learned about some components in Java. There are four component that i learned in this course, Spinner, Combo box, Check box and Radio button. In this week, i used another application for create a java program, name is NetBeans.

In the last meeting, i had had the examination for this course. I did it three type of examination. The first examination is multiple choice, the second examination is true or false, the third examination is matching question and answer. Finally i got good result from this course.

2.             Literature Review

A verb phrase consists of a main verb alone, or a main verb plus any modal and/or auxiliary verbs. The main verb always comes last in the verb phrase:

(mo = modal verb; aux = auxiliary verb; mv = main verb)

               [MV]

We all  laughed.

  [MO] [MV]

Computers can be very annoying!

          [MO] [AUX] [MV]

An apartment would have cost less than a hotel for four of us.

          [MO] [AUX] [AUX] [MV]

Tony might have been waiting outside for you.

2.1.       Simple verb phrases

A simple verb phrase consists of a main verb. The verb in a simple verb phrase shows the type of clause (e.g. declarative, imperative):

Your camera takes fantastic pictures. (present simple, declarative clause)

Dress smartly. Arrive on time. (imperative clauses)

2.2.       Complex verb phrases

A complex verb phrase may include one modal verb and one or more auxiliary verbs before the main verb. A modal verb always comes before any auxiliary verbs:

(mo = modal verb; aux = auxiliary verb; mv = main verb)

                        [MO] [MV]

House prices could fall during the next six months. (modal verb + main verb)

      [MO] [AUX] [MV]

You may have played this game before. (modal verb + one auxiliary verb)

                          [MO]   [AUX] [AUX] [MV]

The work should have been finished by 30 January. (modal verb + two auxiliary verbs)

2.3.       Meaning of auxiliary verbs in verb phrases

Auxiliary verbs give different types of meanings to a verb phrase.

meaning	auxiliary verb (+ form of main verb)	Example
continuous	be + -ing form	I was thinking about you all day.
perfect	have + -ed form	The girls have all gone out together.
passive	be + -ed form	Val’s car was stolen from outside her house.
interrogative	do + subject + base form	Do they sell newspapers in your local shop?
negative	do + not + base form	It didn’t last very long.
emphatic	do (stressed) + base form	It does annoy me when they make so much noise.

2.4.       Order of verbs in verb phrases

The continuous, perfect and passive meanings of auxiliary verbs may be combined in a verb phrase, and auxiliary verbs may combine with modal verbs. The order of the different types (and meanings) of verbs in the verb phrase is shown in the table as 1–5, from left to right.

	1	2	3	4	5
subject	modal verb	perfect have	continuous be	passive be	main verb
	must be followed by base form	must be followed by -edform	must be followed by -ingform	must be followed by -edform
Prices					rose.
She	will				understand.
The builders		had			arrived.
The show			is		starting.
Four people				Were	arrested.
Seats	cannot			Be	reserved.
The printer	should		be		working.
He	must	have			forgotten.
Temperatures		have	been		rising.
William		has		Been	promoted.
You	could	have		Been	killed!

A combination of all the auxiliary meanings plus a modal verb is possible but is very rare:

She may have been being interviewed for a job. Perhaps that’s why she was there.(modal may + perfect have + passive been + continuous being + main verb interviewed)

2.5.       The first verb

The first verb in a complex verb phrase indicates the time somebody did something and matches the person and number of the subject, except when it is a modal verb.

	time	person	number
He has lost his keys.	present	third	singular
We were taken to a big room.	past	first	plural
I was hoping to see Professor Jones.	past	first	singular
I could meet you next week.	–	–	–

3.             Analysis

The following is an analysis of the opinions refer to subject-verb agreement are:

 [aux]      [verb]

I   was       taught     how to create Java class until it work.

       [verb]           [pre-pos]

I   learned            about      what is Java and its structure

       [aux]     [verb]

We   are       told   to try to make a simple program by using Java programming language and Notepad++ application

       [perfect have]          [verb]

I             had                   had     the examination for this course

4.             Conclusion

So i know all about Java, how its structures and concepts, how many component it has, what is a class, constructor and modifier on Java. Java is a programming language based object oriented program (oop). there are three programming concepts of Java, Inheritance, Interfaces and Polymorphism. The conclusion of the analysis is that verb phrase is used to describe verbs in a sentence. Such verbs can be auxiliary, modal or preposition. Verb phrase always has a main verb.

Source :

https://dictionary.cambridge.org/grammar/british-grammar/about-verbs/verb-phrases